Level and Manifestations of TB-Related Stigma Among People with Tuberculosis in Tanzania:: Science Publishing Group

Level and Manifestations of TB-Related Stigma Among People with Tuberculosis in Tanzania

Wilbard Deogratius Muhandiki¹, Ndakibae Gabriel Mabega², Lucas Eliaimringi Matemba³, Gerald Phares Mwing’a³, Oscar Leonard Kaswaga⁴, Hamimu Omary Kigumi⁵, Emmanuel Heriel Matechi⁵, Onay Godson Lwanzali⁵, Riziki Michael Kisonga⁵, Mangi Job Ezekiel⁶, Eliakimu Paul Kapyolo³

¹Department of Research and Consultancy, Geita Health Training Institutes, Geita, Tanzania

²Department of Health Research Information and Regulatory Affairs, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

³Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma Medical Research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania

⁴Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania

⁵Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania

⁶Department of Behavioral Science, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

European Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2023

Pages: 63-71

Received: Aug. 03, 2023

Accepted: Aug. 21, 2023

Published: Sep. 06, 2023

DOI: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20231105.11

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Abstract

Background: TB-related stigma is a recognized barrier to efforts to End TB. It affects early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment and can potentially interrupt treatment. Understanding the dimension of TB-related stigma and its manifestations is critical to planning appropriate TB stigma reduction responses. However, this information is largely unknown in Tanzania. This study assessed the level and manifestations of self-TB-related stigma among people with TB. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was deployed to collect quantitative and qualitative data among people with TB in five regions of Tanzania between September 2021 and February 2022. Face-to-face interviews were used to obtain data from the participants using a modified questionnaire developed by the Stop TB Partnership to assess TB-related stigma among TB patients. Descriptive and thematic analysis were used to summarize and present findings. Results: Four hundred eighteen (418) participants were recruited, of whom 276 (66%) were males. The overall level of self-TB-related stigma was 40%, predominated by agreement of behaviours and attitudes limiting disclosure of TB status. TB-related stigma commonly manifested as social isolation, fear of contracting TB, verbal abuse, gossip, and an unwillingness to share eating utensils. Conclusion: This study showed a relatively moderate level of self-TB-related stigma among TB patients, characterized by fear of disclosure of TB status. Moreover, TB patients are inclined to be socially isolated, gossiped, and maltreated. These findings suggest the need to include TB stigma reduction responses in national TB prevention and control efforts.

Keywords

Tuberculosis, Stigma, Level, Manifestations, Tanzania

To cite this article

Wilbard Deogratius Muhandiki, Ndakibae Gabriel Mabega, Lucas Eliaimringi Matemba, Gerald Phares Mwing’a, Oscar Leonard Kaswaga, et al. (2023). Level and Manifestations of TB-Related Stigma Among People with Tuberculosis in Tanzania. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 11(5), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20231105.11

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This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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